Articles written by Joy Manné:
2010 – available online at joymanne.org only:
Was the Buddha a Shaman? Buddhism, Shamanism and the Nature of Consciousness.
Excerpt from the Introduction:
Shamanism used to be defined “in the strict sense (as an) eminently a religious phe- nomenon of Siberia …” Today it is recognised to be an ubiquitous phenomenon to the extent that some criticise it as “a bandwagon.”
This paper starts with the presentation of a typical shaman‟s life pattern. It then goes on to compare this with the life pattern of a Buddha as depicted in the P li Canon and shows that there are sufficient features in common to justify calling the Buddha a shaman. It argues that the extensive parallels between a shaman‟s life pattern and the life history of the Buddha justify taking a shaman‟s eye view of the Buddha‟s Teaching. The implications of this are then considered with regard to the problem whether the Buddha taught a metaphysics, and the Buddha‟s Teaching on what is “not-self” – anatt. The paper ends with some observations on why “shamanism” may be a “bandwagon”.
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1986
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1990
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1992
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1993
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1996
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1997
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1999
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‘When Consciousness Looks at Itself: The Shamanism Pattern’ in Self and Society: a Journal of Humanistic Psychology, volume 30, No. 6, February 2003-March 2003